Member in the Spotlight, June 2011: Dublin, National Transport Authority of Ireland
As in many cities across Europe, Dublin has undergone a large shift in mobility patterns over the past decades. In the 1950s, the bicycle had a large role to play in the city, and all users got along with limited structure to the roads (for example: no traffic lights, and policemen directing at intersections).
The need for technical guidance
As the dominance of the motor car grew, so space was designed for motor vehicles, and the design principles created to accommodate motor vehicle traffic were set in place. This legacy of a car-oriented design which looks at maximising the capacity and convenience for the car, means that providing for other modes of transport is not straightforward. When cycling infrastructure is put in place in this car-dominated infrastructure, there is a risk that it could done poorly: not just for the cyclists, but also – ironically – for the car drivers and other road users too.
In order to address this existing design philosophy, and create better cycling infrastructure, The National Transport Authority has released a genuine (and free!) on-line cycle design manual.
In Ireland, as elsewhere, there have been ongoing exchanges of opinion as to what the appropriate treatment and provision for cyclists should be. This approach led to opposing views on many issues, extending from detailed design of cycle elements through to broad issues surrounding the requirement for any cycling infrastructure at all.
It was realised that to resolve these issues the NTA therefore took two approaches:
A new vision: 5 principles for sustainably safe roads
The Principles used by the NTA are the Principles of Sustainable Safety. These principles were first developed in the Netherlands in 1992, and they are:
These principles are used as the determinant for the advice included in the manual.
Indeed, it became obvious that these principles pose a fundamental challenge to existing street design norms (in Ireland and the UK in particular), and provide key benefits to pedestrians and cyclists. These principles should apply in designing cycling infrastructure, but more importantly, they should apply in designing any infrastructure. In other words, all users – including cyclists – should benefit.
Designing for cyclists should be normalised in the design process, and not included as an “add-on” to an existing car-oriented development. The cycle manual could be viewed as a “cycle-friendly” traffic manual, rather than simply a “cycle manual”. This approach allows for a design with a “universal” approach to traffic. Additionally, the manual encourages designers to cycle, in order to experience for themselves the five universal needs of cycling as explained in the manual, namely: coherence, directness, safety, comfort, and attractiveness.
Online cycle manual, with international expert review
The Urban Cycle Design Manual provides up-to-date knowledge and guidance on planning and designing for cycling in the urban environment. The primary audience is public and private sector planners, designers, traffic managers and maintenance teams. The new manual supports the objectives of the Irish Department of Transport’s Smarter Travel document and National Cycle Policy Framework.
The manual has been developed by a technical group comprising the DTO, many local authorities, the Department of Transport, the NRA, transport agencies and An Garda Síochána. The technical content was independently reviewed by an international group of cycling experts, and issued for public consultation. The manual has been designed for Dublin, but approaches in it are not restricted to the Irish audience.
This manual is the first genuine on-line cycle design manual purpose-fit to the medium of the web. It includes text, technical drawings and photographs and other media. It brings a clear and fresh approach to designing for the bike, as follows:
The manual is free to use. The National Transport Authority is hopeful that users will register, so that future changes and additions can be notified automatically. Indeed, the National Trabsport Authority is hopeful that many persons will register from outside Ireland, so that an on-line international community of users can contribute to future changes to both the website layout and its content.
Contact: Michael Aherne, National Transport Authority of Ireland email: michael.aherne@nationaltransport.ieWebsite: www.cyclemanual.ie Comments on website: cyclemanual@nationaltransport.ie
Transport for London - Towards the next generation of transport payment systems in London: [read here].